The finding was among the newest evidence, presented at an annual meeting of
the American Heart Association, that diets low in fat and rich in fruits and
vegetables may prevent heart disease - the leading killer of Americans.
A Mediterranean diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, fish and olive oil, and
very little meat, and has been linked to lower heart disease rates.
In the new study, researchers tracked the eating habits of about 3,000 men
and women in Greece, aged 18 to 89, who did not have cardiovascular disease.
The closer people adhered to the Mediterranean diet, the lower their levels
of various measures of inflammation, which recent research shows plays a major
role in development of heart disease.
Some have speculated that other factors, such as exercise and stress levels
of Mediterranean countries, may account for the heart benefits.
But Demosthenes Panagiotakos of Harokopian University of Athens, Greece, lead
researcher of the new study, said his findings held true even when differences
in body mass index, physical activity, age, sex and education level were
accounted for.
"The effect of this diet was independent" he said.
He added that he believed the benefits "were from the diet as a whole, not
specific items consumed."
EAT FISH
A separate study, at Tufts University in Boston, helped explain why eating
fish is good for the heart. It showed eating at least two servings of fish each
week was linked to slower worsening of heart lesions.
The findings were particularly true for tuna and dark meat fish such as
salmon, sardines and mackerel and for diabetic women. Researchers are unsure why
white fish did not seem as beneficial, said Arja Erikkila, the lead researcher.
Other researchers at Oregon Health & Science University set out to
discover how fish oil supplements prevent sudden cardiac death. One theory is
that they reduce the occurrence of dangerous irregular heart beats, or
arrhythmias.
Looking at 200 patients who had implanted defibrillators that recorded
arrhythmias, the researchers found the fish oil supplements did not decrease the
frequency any more than placebo capsules.
Still, strong evidence remains that fish oil and other sources of Omega-3
fatty acids such as flaxseed oil, reduce death from cardiovascular disease, and
people should not abandon them, said Dr. Raymond Gibbons, chairman of the
American Heart Association's scientific sessions committee.
"Don't stop eating salmon as a result of this," Gibbons said.
